jabria asked:


These births account for 75% of newborn deaths not related to malformations. The dramatic decline in newborn mortality in the US in the past 30 years is due to significant improvements in newborn intensive care, not a reduction in the number of babies born early. It is most discouraging that the rate of preterm birth in this country has not changed since recordkeeping began in the 1950’s.

What is preterm birth?

Preterm birth is defined as birth before the 37th week of gestation, calculated from the first day of the woman’s last normal menstrual period. A baby is considered full term if born within 2 weeks of the “due date”, (40 weeks after the last period). The smallest preterm babies (weighing below 1500 grams) are two hundred times more likely to die in the first year of life than babies born weighing greater than 2500 grams. Even if they survive, these very small infants are at 10 times greater risk of long term problems such as vision and hearing complications, chronic lung disease, cerebral palsy, and other neurological disorders.

What is preterm labor?

Preterm labor is defined as regular contractions of the uterus, plus a change in the amount of opening and thinning of the cervix before the 37th week of gestation. A woman’s perception of her contractions varies, and studies have not shown that routinely examining the cervix during pregnancy is helpful in detecting preterm labor. Maternity care providers struggle with the diagnosis. Half of all women with a diagnosis of preterm labor (they have contractions and cervical change) go on to full term pregnancy without any treatment. Twenty percent of women who don’t meet the criteria for preterm labor (they have contractions, but their cervix doesn’t change, for example), come back to deliver preterm anyway.

What causes preterm labor and birth?

Despite serious efforts to reduce preterm birth, there is little good news. Factors that start a normal, term labor are poorly understood, and preterm labor is more perplexing. Researchers have tried to identify the causes of preterm labor and birth, the women who are at risk, and ways to prevent or treat preterm labor. Very few clear answers have emerged.

Most often, the cause of preterm labor is unknown. Sometimes malformations of the uterus or cervix are associated with early delivery. Often these are unknown to the woman prior to becoming pregnant. Even if known, how much a uterine fibroid or unusually shaped uterus will affect the pregnancy is often difficult to predict.

One cause of preterm labor is premature (before labor begins), preterm (before full term) rupture of membranes. It is not known why the fetal membranes rupture too early in some pregnancies. When the fluid around the baby leaks out, the baby and mother are exposed to infection. Labor usually occurs within a few days. Babies born too early face significant problems, and infection makes the situation worse.

Infections of the vagina, cervix, or uterus have been studied as possible causes of preterm rupture of the membranes. When infection is present in the ****** or cervix, toxins produced by the organism may weaken the membranes, making them more likely to leak or rupture. Inflammation from infections causes a local release of a substance known as prostaglandin. Prostaglandins are found throughout the body, and the substance is believed to have some role in the beginning of labor. Why some women have infections without early rupture of membranes or preterm labor is unknown. Organisms believed to increase the chances of early rupture of membranes include the gonorrhea, trichomonas, and beta-streptococcus organisms. Many sexually transmitted diseases are routinely screened for in pregnancy, and recent recommendations for beta-streptococcal infections have been published.

Who is at risk for preterm labor and birth?

Since certain factors seem to be associated with preterm birth (low socioeconomic status, nonwhite race, age under 18 or over 40, previous preterm labor or delivery, and underweight prior to pregnancy), there have been many attempts to develop a reliable way to screen women for their risk of delivering too early. Providing a risk “score” for women believed to be more likely to have a preterm birth results in one fourth of the pregnant population being identified as “high risk”. But only 10% of babies are born preterm, so more than half of “high risk” mothers don’t deliver preterm. Of the women who are identified as “low risk” during their pregnancy, more than half of them deliver preterm. The factor that most accurately predicts the likelihood of delivering too early is a history of a preterm birth in a prior pregnancy. This is not helpful for women pregnant for the first time. It is no wonder risk scoring has proved so disappointing.

How can preterm labor be prevented?

Obviously, if the causes of preterm labor are unclear, and the women who are at risk are hard to identify, designing a plan to prevent the problem is very difficult. Some of the approaches have included regular cervical exams in pregnancy (to detect early changes in the cervix), teaching women how to recognize uterine contractions, electronic monitoring for uterine contractions, and evaluation of a variety of naturally occurring chemical substances in the ****** or maternal blood stream. Since the signs and symptoms of preterm labor frequently overlap the normal symptoms of pregnancy, most prevention programs are not very effective.

A new test …

Recent reports of a biochemical substance detectable in the ****** have shown some promise. Fetal Fibronectin is a special protein which has been identified in vaginal secretions in the early weeks of pregnancy, and again 1-2 weeks before labor begins. Studies have shown that the test for fetal fibronectin (a simple swab of vaginal fluid) is helpful in predicting preterm delivery, and the test may help predict the opposite problem – pregnancies which continue postterm. The test seems to be most helpful in predicting which of the women with a diagnosis of preterm labor (contractions plus change in the cervix) will actually deliver early, since up to 50% may continue to term with no treatment. Fetal fibronectin may also be helpful in predicting preterm labor in women who have no symptoms.

How is preterm labor treated?

How to treat preterm labor (or whether to treat at all) remains a question yet to be answered. Bedrest and intravenous fluids are believed to help stop contractions for some women, but clear benefit has not been shown. Treating preterm labor with medication has historically been unpleasant for the mother, at times dangerous, and has shown limited benefit in reducing numbers of preterm births.

Studies have not shown a clear improvement in the survival of preterm babies or how well they do later with long term use of drugs to stop contractions of the uterus (tocolytics). Side effects are very common and dangerous effects, though quite rare (fluid in the lungs, blood chemistry imbalances, heart problems, liver and kidney complications and even death) have been recorded.

Today, tocolytic drugs appear most helpful in delaying birth for a few days to a week. This time may allow transfer of the mother to a high risk center with capability to care for the preterm infant or the use of steroid drugs to speed up maturing of the baby’s lungs. Babies between 24 and 34 weeks gestation clearly benefit when steroids are given to the mother before delivery. These infants have been shown to have fewer respiratory difficulties, the major problem of preterm birth, and therefore fewer complications from being born early. The best time for the steroid is 24 hours before birth and the effect lasts for one week after it is given. Advantages of using steroids when the amniotic membranes are ruptured or leaking is less clear. Antibiotics may be helpful with rupture of membranes, and medical studies are ongoing.

Preterm newborn survival has been shown to be greatest in high risk centers with neonatal intensive care units. Transportation of the mother while still pregnant is better than transporting the tiny newborn.

Reducing your risk of preterm birth

Because preterm labor and birth are so very hard to detect and prevent, early and consistent prenatal care is very important. Reducing exposure to sexually transmitted diseases, good nutrition and weight gain, quitting cigarette smoking and alcohol or drug use can also reduce your risk. Awareness of the signs and symptoms of preterm labor can help you identify changes from normal that may indicate a problem. In general, it is believed that early treatment is most beneficial.

What to look for

You might be considered more “at risk” for preterm labor or birth if you:

Had a previous preterm labor or birth. Have an abnormally shaped uterus, or are a DES daughter. Had two or more pregnancy losses after the 13th week. Have an incompetent cervix or uterine fibroids. Are currently pregnant with twins or multiples. Have severe kidney or urinary tract infections. Have a placenta previa. Have too much or too little amniotic fluid.

Any “risk” for preterm labor is best evaluated by your caregiver – physician or nurse midwife.

The following signs may occur with preterm labor. They can also be a part of a very normal pregnancy. It is important for you to recognize what may be a change from your normal pregnancy experience.

Uterine Contractions: tightening of the uterus which occurs more often than 4 times per hour. They will probably be painless. Report them to your caregiver if position changes, emptying your bladder and increasing your fluid intake do not make them less than 4 per hour within 1-2 hours. A pattern of contractions may be normal for you, and may increase a little toward the end of your pregnancy. If it is more than 3 weeks before your due date and there is a change in the contraction pattern, contact your caregiver. Menstrual-like cramps – may be normal, but feel your uterus for contractions. Low, dull backache - check for contractions. Pelvic pressure. Intestinal cramps, gas pains, diarrhea. Increase or change in vaginal discharge. A general feeling that something is not right.

What to do if you notice signs of preterm labor:

First, empty your bladder, then lie down on your left side to feel for contractions. Do not lie flat on your back. Place your fingertips on your uterus and indent all over with the tips of your fingers. A contraction feels firm all over the uterus, and may make the outline of the uterus easier to feel. Contractions gradually soften. Contractions may be painless! If you feel more than 4 contractions in one hour:

rest on your side for an hour drink 2-3 glasses of water or juice if they do not become less frequent than 4 contractions per hour, call your caregiver. Don’t think you are being a pest or complaining. It may be the best thing you ever do for your baby!

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Ramon Leung asked:


Anybody suffering from yeast infections will know how terrible it is and how difficult it is to find a solution that will not only relieve the symptoms of yeast infection but that will cure the infection as well.

The symptoms of yeast infection differ from one person to the next. Symptoms of yeast infection consist of itching, burning, redness, and irritation of the vaginal area. It is crucial for you to undergo a course of treatment if you are affected by yeast infection.

However, before you get it sure that you have been affected by yeast infection, you should know the symptoms of yeast infection. Do not mistake the symptoms of yeast infection for some other diseases or some other infections.

The symptoms of yeast infections depend much upon the genetic constitution of the body and the general health of the affected person. It is for this very motive that there are such a huge number

and variety of symptoms of yeast infection.

Vaginitis can be caused by a number of infections, including bacteria (such as Gardnerella and gonorrhea), protozoans (such as trichomonas), and yeast (Candida). Vulvitis, like vaginitis, may be caused by a number of diverse infections.

Vaginal yeast infections arise when new yeast is introduced into the vaginal area, or when there is an increase in the amount of yeast already present in the ****** relative to the quantity of normal bacteria.

Vaginal yeast infections can also arise as a result of injury to the inner vagina, such as after chemotherapy. Also, women with suppressed immune systems (for example, those taking cortisone-related medications such as prednisone) develop vaginal yeast infections more frequently than women with normal immunity.

Other conditions that may predispose women to developing vaginal yeast infections include diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, and taking oral contraceptives.

Seventy-five percent of all women will experience at least one vaginal yeast infection during her life and many are plagued by recurrent yeast infections. Severe yeast infections may cause swelling of the ***** and in some cases women experience painful and/or frequent ********* which is caused by inflammation of the urinary opening.

Excessive vaginal discharge which is thicker than normal, appears whiter and curd-like (almost like cottage cheese) will be noticeable in women experiencing vaginal yeast infections. Yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of the normal fungi that lives in the vaginal area. Other factors that often contribute to yeast infections include pregnancy, obesity, PMS, multiple sclerosis, and diabetes.

Yeast infections are frequent among women infected by HIV and women who suffer from recurrent episodes of yeast infection should be tested for HIV infection. Sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and herpes can be mistaken for yeast infections because some of the symptoms are similar–there is discharge associated with gonorrhea and herpes may often cause itching.

If yes, then you should consume cranberry juice to improve the resistance of your body against infections and diseases. Yeastrol is a common solution to treat multiple symptoms of yeast infection in both men and women.



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Mary Hopkinson asked:


It wouldn’t be too bad if when you had bacterial vaginosis, you could get rid of it once and for all. However, all too often, sufferers report that they have recurrent bacterial vaginosis, often having up to 6 attacks or more in a year. For some women, the problem never really goes away and symptoms constantly linger in the background, flaring up from time to time.

Ironically, one of the main treatments for bacterial vaginosis is actually the reason why it returns! Antibiotics, which are commonly handed out can actually cause recurrent bacterial vaginosis.

Within the vagina, there are two types of naturally occurring bacteria-Lactobacillus and Gardnerella. Lactobacillus is a beneficial bacteria, whereas Gardnerella can prove harmful if allowed to overgrow. Under normal circumstances, these organisms co-exist in harmony, with the beneficial bacteria keeping control of the harmful bacteria. When something happens to cause an imbalance in the bacteria, sometimes the harmful bacteria gets the chance to grow rapidly and this causes the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis which includes the horrible fishy vaginal odor, a gray or white discharge and the accompanying itching and burning.

Antibiotics work by killing off all bacteria within the vagina-both good and bad. This means that in the short term, the symptoms will disappear. However, as soon as the antibiotics are finished and bacteria naturally begins to repopulate the vagina, the beneficial bacteria will take some time to rebuild itself to a level where it can sufficiently maintain a healthy balance. This means that the bad bacteria can grow unchecked, thus causing recurrent bacterial vaginosis.

To eradicate this condition and prevent it from retuning, the only safe and logical way is to take steps to ensure that the beneficial bacteria is strengthened to a level that will simply not allow the harmful bacteria to get out of control.

One way to do this is to eat live, natural yogurt which is in itself rich in Lactobacillus and can thus help to replenish the body’s supplies. Some women find it helps to soak a tampon in the yogurt and insert it into the ****** for a couple of hours. In addition, steps to kill off the harmful bacteria in ways which will not destroy the beneficial bacteria should be used. These may include the use of tea tree oil, a natural antibacterial product. A few drops can be added to a bath, or you can use pessaries. Another way of restoring balance naturally is to have a bath into which a couple of cups of cider vinegar have been added as this can rebalance the vagina’s natural pH levels.

There is an excellent home treatment for bv which is will eradicate the unpleasant symptoms immediately and provide a complete cure in just 3 short days. This is detailed, along with 2 other highly successful top treatments-all of which come with a complete money-back satisfaction guarantee. These no-nonsense bacterial vaginosis treatments have been used by many thousands of women worldwide and are proven to work without delay. All work by enhancing the body’s own ability to heal naturally and include strategies to ensure there is no repeat flare ups Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis for more information.



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Emma asked:


Bacterial Vaginosis or BV may be caused by overgrowth of an organism called Gardnerella and anaerobic bacteria in the ******. Symptoms of this disease are a burning or itching sensation in the ******. An unpleasant fishy odor is also a well known symptom.

Say Goodbye to Bacterial Vaginosis Forever

If you are suffering from BV you should use natural cures for bacterial vaginosis to treat it effectively. This is mainly because, if you treat it with prescription antibiotics, you gain temporary relief. If you find that the inflammation repeatedly reappears, don’t start worrying just yet.

There are basically 2 types of bacteria within the ******. One is bad and the other good. When antibiotics are administered to your body, the “quick fix” drugs eliminate not only the bad bacteria but also the good ones, thereby weakening the body’s natural defenses. Once the effect of the antibiotics cease, the bacteria start growing again.



Now, again the good bacteria alone cannot counteract the overgrowth of the bad bacteria and as a result, the entire process is repeated. This is, precisely, the reason why, you should resort to using natural cures for bacterial vaginosis if you are suffering from BV. Given below are some of them.

1. Bacteria present in live yogurt are similar to the good bacteria present within the ******. So, the count of good bacteria in the ****** may be naturally increased if you soak a tampon in plain yogurt and introduce it into the ****** for about 2 hours. Eating natural yogurt may also help.

2. Wrap some ice or an ice pack in a clean towel and apply it to the area to get instant relief from the itching and burning sensation.

3. Another one of the natural cures for bacterial vaginosis is to wear loose, cotton panties. You should facilitate air circulation in the affected area. For that, you may wear comfortable cotton panties.

4. Take a bath in lukewarm water which has 2 cups of apple cider vinegar added to it.

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Emma asked:


Talk about vaginal burning and a victim will keep lamenting how this scandalous type of vaginal infection is sufficient to test the limits of sanity for any woman. Generally women as much as they are said to like the hush-hush variety concerning their private affairs, there is a big controversy when it comes to explaining their fright of experiencing scandals in public domain. However the same woman is known to be an expert in causing unsightly drama in the open only when her stunning guy is appropriate to shoulder the awkwardness of her actions. Too much of a lecture!! Don’t you agree?

Best Cure For Vaginal Odors Instant Access!

Vaginal Burning can be said to be caused by the existence or surplus growth of yeast cells, bacteria, or viruses. Any vaginal infection may arise and keep on arising when there is an alteration in the regular fit of organisms in the ******. The most usually known kinds of vaginal burning include the Candida vulvovaginitis which is responsible for occurrences of yeast infections. Then the other one is Bacterial infections, the one commonly associated with infections of bacterial vaginosis. Then lastly the parasitic infections, that normally results to Trichomonas vaginitis.

Vaginal burning becomes even more scandalous when it is coupled with other forms of vaginal problems such as Vaginal redness and swelling, Vaginal itching, Vaginal pain, Vaginal odor, Burning with ********* and Pain or bleeding with sexual ***********. A combination of the above is enough to turn a woman’s mood from emptiness to temper tantrums and this can be sufficient cause for unnecessary scandals such as insults.

Any female including a young girl or a baby girl can catch this vaginal burning because the vaginal atmosphere is all the same and secondly because such naive and innocent girl could fall a victim in the cruel hands of a cold-blooded ****** and killer. With this kind of trauma she might suffer in silence especially if she is of conservatism nature who is ashamed of the mention of the word vaginal-check with her health professional for unusual vaginal symptoms to determine the cause and assess for possible sexual abuse.

Any expecting woman with vaginal symptoms should talk with her health expert before taking into account any home treatment actions. A number of home treatment actions may not be suitable, depending on the root of the vaginal burning. Conditions such as bacterial vaginosis can affect the pregnancy or hurt the developing fetus, so it is important to be guarded.

Treatment depends on the cause of your vaginal burning and the severity of your case as determined by your health professional. Even if some of those herbal solutions might risk one undeserved humiliation at times, the most important thing is for one to get better down there because no pain is healthy or is allowed. Vaginal burning can really weigh you down in so many ways including the way you concentrate on that board meeting or class lesson that you can evade under no possible excuse you could think of. This vaginal burning can be a possible temptation to your marriage particularly if your companion is the type who would rather skip meals than bedroom matters.

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petersonbran asked:


Human parasites are becoming more common as compared to olden days. This could be due to many reasons ranging from unhealthy dietary habits to unhealthy living conditions. Whatever the cause parasite infestation has occurred in the body, once they attack intestines, they rest there and feed themselves with the foods and blood intestines have. At first sight, parasite infestations may not harm the body but over the times, they can bring many health ailments and can even damage intestines. In some bad cases, they travel in the body to many other sites and damage those particular organs.

They steal our nutrients. The parasites or worms live off our nutrients and cause a lot of harm and make us sick. Eat our food. They eat and live off our food. Instead of we receiving nutrients from the food we eat, our nutrient go straight to them. Eat us. The parasites can even eat us. The worms with teeth can actually start eating at our organs and borrowing holes where ever they want.

Garlic and ginger have been found very effective in Ascaris (roundworm), Giardia lamblia, Plasmodium, and Leishmania infestations. One can go for any formula containing garlic or can eat raw garlic pods. Another colon cleansing herb includes goldenseal (Hydrastis Canadensis). The herb has been prescribed historically for worms’ infestations and also to cure infections of the mucous membranes present in various human tracts such as respiratory, gastrointestinal etc. Black walnut is another safe and effective remedy for cleansing the colon and to treat parasites. Black walnut’s unripe hulls’ juice is used to treat various parasites. As said before, pumpkin seeds (Curcubita pepo) are considered to be very beneficial in treating tapeworms and roundworms.

Herbal acne treatments like any other natural treatment leads to a healing crisis where the condition worsens temporarily before getting better. The herbs over stimulate the live to release the toxic build ups and this over stimulation leads to the release of lot of toxins in the blood which leads to the situation of acne getting worse. This leads the body to a aggravated state of imbalance but it proves effective as it pushes the body even further to return to the homeostasis and encourages the healing process.

There are some herbs that affect one particular type of parasite present in the blood/intestines. For instance, agrimony is used to treat trichomonas, Artemisia to expel pinworms and malaria parasites. Barberry tincture is good for treating giardiasis and malaria and Echinacea tincture is prescribed to get rid of trichomonas infection. Furthermore, goldenseal tincture and Oregon grape roots are well known for its efficacy towards malaria and giardiasis whereas, prickly ash is good for eliminating pinworms. Cloves (powdered) creates poisonous environment for the larvae before they hatch and hence is considered to be one of the best herbal colon cleansing agent especially in case of worm infestation in the intestines.

Soymilk, onions, cloves, fennel seeds, apple cider vinegar, ginger and asafetida are few of the most effective edible items that works specific on parasites and their eggs present in the intestines and terminate them. In addition, they not only help you getting rid of parasites, but they also improve the digestion and also assimilation. They accelerate the metabolic rate in the body and hence restore the hormonal levels and keep the body healthy.



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Betty Roberts asked:


Make sure that you have a yeast infection



A study has shown that 67% of women incorrectly diagnosed themselves as having a yeast infection. Many conditions may mimic a yeast infection, such a bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis or atropic vaginitis. Just as in women with a yeast infection, women with these conditions may have itching, burning, redness, soreness, and a discharge. Sometimes, women can have an infection with both yeast and another condition.

It is recommended to see a physician if natural remedies do not provide relief. Antibiotics may be prescribed for bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis and estrogen may be recommended for atropic vaginitis. The take home message is when in doubt; get a proper diagnosis by a physician.

 

Natural remedies may provide some relief, but the effectiveness is not known in many of them.



Natural remedies have recently become very popular. Natural remedies are treatments that you do not need a prescription for and include dietary changes, yogurt, probiotics, tea tree oil, boric acid, gentian violet, and stress relief.

Natural remedies for vaginal yeast infections will continue to be popular among women because of convenience (no waiting for a doctor’s appointment) and cost (less expensive than prescribed medications), despite the backing of strong medical evidence. These methods of treatment, although some more promising than others, are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

However, their popularity continues to increase. Because the doses, strengths, and forms of these medications vary greatly, it is recommended to do a lot of background research on natural remedies or consult legitimate alternative health care practitioners before choosing one that is best for you.

 

Douching is not recommended



Douching has been widely used as a method to “cleanse” the ******. Widespread marketing has contributed to its popularity, but women do not know that this seemingly harmless act is places them at risk for infections.

Douching has been shown to change the normal vaginal flora, thereby increasing the risk of infection of the ****** (vaginitis), ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and endometriosis.

A study has shown that women who douched three or more times a month were almost 4 times as likely to have PID compared to those who do not ******. So if you still ******** regularly, it is recommended to stop, and see a physician if there are any abnormalities. You may have a bacterial infection or a yeast infection that can be treated if diagnosed properly.

 

You may not be preventing vaginal yeast infections by eating plain yogurt.



Yogurt is a delicious, fermented, dairy product made by adding bacterial cultures to milk, creating a pudding-like texture. However not all yogurts are the same. Worldwide, people have known for a while that certain active bacterial cultures may have a health benefit to the gut, urinary, and ******* systems.

Food manufacturers have taken on the task to add active cultures of these beneficial bacteria, specifically Lactobacillus acidophilis to their products. L. acidophilis is normally found in the vaginal flora, and it is believed that if this normal bacterial population is reintroduced, conditions will be normalized and Candida will not be able to grow.

However, it has been found that L. crispatus and L. jenseii are the most common and important species in the vaginal flora that restore the pH to an acidic level, which is important in suppressing the growth of other bacteria and fungi. Vaginal inserts containing these two species may be more beneficial than L. acidophilis.

 

Tea tree oil may be beneficial



Tea tree oil has antibacterial as well as antifungal properties. It is produced by steam distillation of the leaves of the plant Melaleuca alternifolia. It has many uses, and has been shown in studies to be an effective mouth rinse for people with oral candida infections (thrush) or as a topical application for acne, dandruff, athlete’s foot, or vaginal infections.

Ingestion of tea tree oil is not recommended, because of its severe toxicity and ability to produce strong allergic reactions. However, as a mouth rinse (that is not swallowed) it has been effective at treating oral yeast infections or thrush.

It has also been tested in women with vaginitis caused by the organism Trichomonas, and has shown some promising results mores studies have to be conducted. Treatment with 0.05% tea tree oil pessaries, intravaginal gels and ******* for yeast infection as shown some relief, but again, more studies have to be conducted.

Existing products are gelatin capsules filled with tea tree oil combined with calendula oil, vegetable oil, or water. Two capsules are inserted into the ****** at night for six nights.



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Ray Sturdivant asked:


It is important to know more about yeast infections to prevent and treat it. First and foremost, yeast is present in our body and it is only when there is an uncontrolled growth that it becomes infectious.

Uncontrolled growth of yeast can be a result of damaged immune system. The use of antibiotics, wearing tight clothing, wearing wet clothing, diabetes and even obesity can lead to yeast infection.

Women are more prone than men to, however, not all women are likely to have vaginal yeast infection. This infection may be a recurring for some women.

Since Trichomonas, gardnerella, Chlamydia, and gonorrhea have the same symptoms of yeast infection it is important to see a doctor for a correct diagnosis.

Understanding the causes of can help prevent it from occurring. Being knowledgeable in the steps to avoid acquiring the infection is a must.

A misdiagnosed yeast infection could lead to a bigger problem so do not hesitate to see a doctor immediately. An infection that is caused by resistant yeast would require a doctor’s care for an effective treatment.

There is no need to be ashamed if you are inflicted with a yeast infection. Take good care of your health to prevent any type of infection and be aware of the precautionary measures to stay clean and fit.

There are cases wherein some have yeast infections more often than others because they are not careful about their own body. It is true that prevention is better than cure.

A vaginal infection caused by the presence of Candida albicans is known as yeast infection. Several symptoms of this type of infection are redness, dryness, burning, and itching.

Some causes of yeast infection are the kind of clothing worn and even stress can set off an outbreak. A lot of women have claimed that yeast infection was developed when they started to have their menstrual cycle.

Even if it is frequently seen to infect women’s vagina’s, it is sometimes seen in the oral cavity, men’s foreskins, folds of the skins, and in babies diapered areas. Since Candida albicans is a diploid asexual fungus, it thrives in warm, moist and dark areas.

Yeast infection in males rarely happens. In cases when men develop this infection it is frequently called Balanitis which is found in the penile head of uncircumcised men.

Self- medication is not recommended even if there are over the counter medications available for yeast infection. It is still best to see a doctor for a prescription treatment.

After a week of using over the counter medication and the infection persists, then it is time to schedule a visit to see a doctor. The infection could be a urinary tract infection or a severe reproductive problem.

A few tips to avoid yeast infection is by wearing loose fitting clothing, wearing cotton underwear, wearing underwear that is not perfumed or dyed, changing out of your wet bathing suit, avoiding douching, wiping from front to back, and maintaining a balanced blood sugar level.

It is possible that yeast infection can be transmitted sexually. Therefore, it would be wise to avoid *** until the infection is treated.



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khurram akhtar asked:


(b) Scabies. Infestation with Sarcoptes scabiei can affect the ***** well as other parts of the body. The parasite burrows through the’ laying ova in its tunnel. Vesicles and pustules result and, because of

intense irritation, scratching causes excoriation. Benzyl benzoate appli tion is used.

(c) Enterobius vermicularis. Threadworms from the **** may call vulval irritation in children. The worms are easily seen in the stools, the irritation is relieved when they are eradicated from the bowel.

Vulvitis due to sensitivity reactions

The vulval skin may become sensitized to many agents, with result’ dermatitis. These agents include ointments prescribed by doctors or boll by the patient from chemists for the relief of pruritis, and detergen deodorants and dusting powders. Sensitivity may occur to contracepti creams, to the rubber of contraceptive caps or condoms, or to pow used with them.

In any case of vulvitis careful enquiry must be made about any 10 applications to the vulval area and any recent changes in the use of to’ preparations or contraceptives. Patch tests can sometimes identify

offending agent. Any substance under suspicion must be withdra and zinc or calamine cream applied. Betamethasone valerate ointm (Betnovate) or hydrocortisone ointment may be used; but ointme containing benzocaine or antihistamines should be avoided, as sensiti ; to these is not uncommon. Many successes will be obtained merely withdrawing all local applications and by stopping the patient scratc ‘ To do this it is often necessary to give a sedative at night to ensure that patient sleeps soundly without scratching.

Vulvitis secondary to vaginal discharge or urinary disorders

Vulvitis may be secondary to vaginitis; for example, in cases of prof discharge due to infection with Trichomonas vaginalis. Irritation will oc if there is sufficient vaginal discharge from any cause to keep the vul skin continually moist, and scratching will add to the damage to the’ If there is urinary incontinence, especially if the urine is also infect vulvitis may ensue. The association with glycosuria has already been me tioned. In vulval dermatitis of long standing there may be some thicke ‘ and pigmentation of the skin, but the skin soon recovers when the ca is removed.

Vulval dystrophies

These conditions have previously been classified under the three head’ leukoplakia, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, and kraurosis. The term leuk plakia (Greek, white plate) has been criticized because it has no clinical

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Alien asked:


Definition

Amebiasis is an infectious disease caused by a parasitic one-celled microorganism (protozoan) called Entamoeba histolytica. Persons with amebiasis may experience a wide range of symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, and cramps. The disease may also affect the intestines, liver, or other parts of the body.

Description

Amebiasis, also known as amebic dysentery, is one of the most common parasitic diseases occurring in humans, with an estimated 500 million new cases each year. It occurs most frequently in tropical and subtropical areas where living conditions are crowded, with inadequate sanitation.

Other Drugs

Tetracyclines and paromomycin are also used in the treatment of amoeabiasis as they inhibit the intestinal flora essential for the multiplication of amoebae. Paromomycin is directly amebicidal. It is recommended that anti-amoebic drugs be given along with tetracyclines. It is always best to have a course of metronidazole or tinidazole, to be followed by an intestinal amoebicidal drug.

Drugs for Extra-intestinal Amoebiasis

With the advent of metronidazole and tinidazole all drugs used in amoebic abscess of liver (commonest form of extra-intestinal amoebiasis) have become less important. Drugs like emetine and dehydroemetine are now rarely used.

Chloroquine (Lariago, Resochin)

It is a commonly used drug for malaria and has anti-amoebic effects on liver but no effects on intestinal amoebiasis. It is given for 21 days in hepatic amoebiasis.

Drugs for Protozoal Infections

Protozoa are ‘one-celled’ organisms common organisms are entameba hystolytica, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis. Amoebiasis, as described above, is caused by E. hystolytica.

Giardia Lamblia is a cosmopolitan protozoa and resides in the small bowels of humans and animals. It is known as ‘Grand old man of intestines’. It causes pain in abdomen, loose stools and bloating. Sometimes there is vomiting and poor absorption of important nutrients. Its treatment is given in the table.

Trichomonas vaginalis, as the name indicates, is a common cause of vaginal infections in females. In males, it may be found in ******* organs (urinary passage, prostate) and is usually without symptoms. However, males may transmit infection to their spouses during active sexual life.

In females, vaginal infection causes foul smelling discharge, irritation, itching, redness, burning during ********* and pain during sexual ***********. Local treatment of vaginitis is described in the chapter on Sexually Transmitted Diseases & AIDS. The oral medicines are described in the table. It is important to treat both the partners for eradication of infection.



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